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Chapter 04

The Bithermal Caloric Test

A century-old test that still anchors vestibular diagnosis. Warm and cool water create a temperature gradient in the lateral canal; the resulting endolymph convection deflects the cupula, producing nystagmus that we can quantify and compare across ears.

The caloric test was introduced by Bárány in 1907.[Bárány 1907]Its mechanism — convection of endolymph driven by a thermal gradient — was confirmed by Coats & Smith's elegant 1967 demonstration that responses reverse in the prone position.[Coats & Smith 1967] Quantitative interpretation has used the Jongkees formula since 1962.[Jongkees 1962]

Figure 4.1 — Convection mechanism
HSCCHSCCSUPINE — HEAD ELEVATED 30°WARM RIGHT → fast phase RIGHTLR
Chapter 04.2

Quantifying asymmetry

The four irrigations produce four peak slow-phase velocities. Adjust the sliders or load a preset; UW and DP recalculate live.

Peak slow-phase velocities
LC — Left Cool 30°
22 °/s
LW — Left Warm 44°
24 °/s
RC — Right Cool 30°
22 °/s
RW — Right Warm 44°
24 °/s
TOTAL RESPONSE92 °/s
Unilateral Weakness
0.0%
Symmetric response between ears.
Normal limit: |UW| < 25%
Directional Preponderance
0.0%
No directional bias.
Normal limit: |DP| < 30%
UW = ((LC + LW) − (RC + RW)) ÷ total × 100
DP = ((LC + RW) − (RC + LW)) ÷ total × 100
Figure 4.2 — Butterfly plot
22242224LCLWRCRWLEFT EARRIGHT EAR40°/s2002040°/sCOOL ↑WARM ↓BUTTERFLY PLOT
Clinical interpretation
Symmetric (normal)

All four irrigations produce comparable peak SPVs. UW < 25%, DP < 30%. No labyrinthine asymmetry.

← Previous · Ch. 03
Positional & Dix–Hallpike
BPPV variants and canal mechanics
Next · Ch. 05
Reading the Waveform
Anatomy · SPV · Alexander · fixation · 12 patterns · self-test
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Concept & Design
Dr. Prahlada N. B
Champions Educational and Medical Society (R)
& Amogh Foundation