Disclaimer

This atlas is provided exclusively for the educational instruction of audiology students, ENT residents, vestibular trainees, and other healthcare learners. It is not a clinical decision-making tool. It must not be used to evaluate, diagnose, or manage any individual patient, nor relied upon as a substitute for clinical judgement, examination, or formal training.

The interpretation of videonystagmography findings, the formulation of any diagnosis, and decisions regarding investigation, treatment, referral, or follow-up rest entirelywith the treating clinician. The clinician must integrate the patient's history, physical examination, audiometric and vestibular findings, imaging, and any other relevant investigations before reaching a clinical conclusion.

The animated tracings, normal value ranges, decision rules, and worked cases presented here are simplifications intended to teach concepts. Real clinical waveforms vary; real patients present with atypical features; and clinical thresholds may differ between laboratories and protocols. Always defer to your institution's standards and your supervising clinician.

Content is drawn from the standard vestibular literature including McCaslin (2013), Leigh & Zee (2006), Jongkees (1962), and Bhattacharyya et al. (2017), among others. Despite this, the atlas may contain errors, omissions, or material that has since been superseded by newer evidence. Users are encouraged to consult primary sources and current guidelines.

The authors, contributors, and the supporting organisations accept no liability for any clinical decision, outcome, or harm arising from use of this material. Use of the atlas constitutes acceptance of these terms.

If a patient is experiencing an acute neurological emergency, seek qualified medical assistance immediately. Do not delay care to consult this or any other educational resource.